Ideas across traditions · consciousness · Greek
perception
A common word: it appears in 33% of all works on the maps, so its reach across traditions is a fact about English, not about the idea. The works are listed for completeness; the analogues below are the judged connections.
Also under: αἴσθησις · αἴσθησιν · αἰσθήσεις · “sensation” · “aisthesis” · “sense perception” · “զգայութիւն” · “aistheseis” · “aisthesin”
In other traditions
Ordered by the earliest work in each tradition that attests the concept. Within a tradition, works run from earliest to latest by conventional composition date.
Hebrew & Jewish
- 300 BCEPsalms (Tehillim)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 20 CEPhilo of Alexandria (collected works)same word and a translator’s rendering
- aisthesis — sensationfinished, and all their host.” Genesis 2:1 Having spoken previously of the generation of the nous mind/intellect and theComplete Works of Philo Judaeus, Vol. 1, 1828, p. 72 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aisthesis — sensory perceptiongods. If they had been eager to walk along the unerring path, they would have immediately known that, just as perceptionComplete Works of Philo Judaeus (Vol. 4), 1828, p. 294 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aisthesis — sense-perceptionman, and through her to him, very wisely and without deliberation. For in us, the nous mind has the role of the man, and[Greek] Omnia quae extant opera, 1640, p. 54 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 30 CEPhilo, On Dreams (De somniis)same word and a translator’s rendering
- aisthesis — sensationfinished, and all their host.” Genesis 2:1 Having spoken previously of the generation of the nous mind/intellect and theComplete Works of Philo Judaeus, Vol. 1, 1828, p. 72 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aisthesis — sense-perceptions. III 187, 9 (quick-moving). III 244, 18 (swiftest-running). I 229, 7 (the swiftest-moving). 3. Dianoia mind opposed toSurviving Works of Philo of Alexandria (Vol. 7 - Indices), 1896, p. 193 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aisthesis — sensory perceptiongods. If they had been eager to walk along the unerring path, they would have immediately known that, just as perceptionComplete Works of Philo Judaeus (Vol. 4), 1828, p. 294 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 30 CEPhilo of Alexandria — De Somniissame word and a translator’s rendering
- 30 CEPhilo of Alexandria — De Opificio Mundisame word and a translator’s rendering
and 3 more works in Hebrew & Jewish; a common word, so the full list is not shown.
Hellenistic & Late Antique
- 280 BCEEarly Stoic fragments (Zeno, Cleanthes’ Hymn to Zeus, Chrysippus on the passions)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 250 BCEChrysippus and the early Stoics, fragments (SVF; Hierocles, Elements of Ethics)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 250 BCEPseudo-Aristotle, Problemata (XXX.1 on melancholy and genius)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 100 CEPseudo-Plutarch / Aetius, De placitis philosophorum (Book IV: soul, perception, dreams)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 100 CEPlutarch, Moraliasame word and a translator’s rendering
and 32 more works in Hellenistic & Late Antique; a common word, so the full list is not shown.
Indian
- 200 BCEBhagavad Gītāsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 100 CEKundakunda, Samayasārasame word and a translator’s rendering
- 150 CEGautama, Nyāya-sūtra with Vātsyāyana and Uddyotakarasame word and a translator’s rendering
- perception — apprehensionome property of the effect product ,—even so the ‘self-contradiction’ does not cease. If, thirdly, ‘manifestation’ meansThe Nyaya Sutras of Gautama, Vol. 4, Unknown, p. 113 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Perceptionput forward, [‘Sound is not apprehended by the auditory organ &c. &c.,’] the Proposition itself is opposed to a fact ofThe Nyaya Sutras of Gautama, Vol. 3, 1984, p. 27 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Perceptionrue that logical Inference deals with things not currently perceived, for the average person, neither direct observationThe Nyaya Sutras of Gautama, Vol. 2, Unknown, p. 257 · original word kept by the translator
- 200 CEUmāsvāti, Tattvārthasūtra (ch. 9 on dhyāna)same word
- 200 CEUmāsvāti, Tattvārtha Sūtrasame word
and 6 more works in Indian; a common word, so the full list is not shown.
Roman
- 55 BCELucretius, De rerum natura (Book III as therapy)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 55 BCELucretius, De rerum natura III–IV (nature of the mind; sensation, dreams, sleep)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 55 BCELucretius, De rerum natura IV (on sleep and dreams)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 44 BCECicero, On Divination (De divinatione) and the Dream of Scipiosame word and a translator’s rendering
- aisthēseis — sensations/perceptionspleasures, Aristotle teaches which pleasures are to be avoided. For there are five senses of men, which the Greeks callCommentary on the Dream of Scipio, 1893, p. 171 · flagged as a term by the translator
- αἰσθήσεις — *aisthēseis*teaches which pleasures are to be guarded against. For there are five senses of men, which the Greeks call *perceptions*Commentary on the Dream of Scipio and the Saturnalia, 1550, p. 312 · original word kept by the translator
- 63 CESeneca, Epistulae Morales ad Luciliumsame word and a translator’s rendering
and 9 more works in Roman; a common word, so the full list is not shown.
Hermetic & Gnostic
- 150 CEHermetica, Corpus Hermeticum I (Poimandres, the vision in sleep)same word and a translator’s rendering
- aistheseis — sensesginning. 2) The other gods also unite, thanks to their activity, in Ptah-Atum, for heart and tongue rule everything; thePoimandres: Studies in Greek-Egyptian Literature, 1904, p. 80 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aistheseis — sensory perceptionsarmony of all things." That gives the 1) One should compare especially Chap. XIV (XV). 2) The circle of gods creates thePoimandres: Studies in Greco-Egyptian and Early Christian Literature, 1904, p. 222 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aistheseis — senses# LIBELLUS I: § 24 energeiai actualities/operations . TheHermetica, Volume II: Notes on the Corpus Hermeticum, 1925, p. 63 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 150 CECorpus Hermeticum (I Poimandres; X; XI; XIII On Rebirth)same word and a translator’s rendering
- aistheseis — sensesginning. 2) The other gods also unite, thanks to their activity, in Ptah-Atum, for heart and tongue rule everything; thePoimandres: Studies in Greek-Egyptian Literature, 1904, p. 80 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aistheseis — sensory perceptionsarmony of all things." That gives the 1) One should compare especially Chap. XIV (XV). 2) The circle of gods creates thePoimandres: Studies in Greco-Egyptian and Early Christian Literature, 1904, p. 222 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aistheseis — senses# LIBELLUS I: § 24 energeiai actualities/operations . TheHermetica, Volume II: Notes on the Corpus Hermeticum, 1925, p. 63 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 200 CECorpus Hermeticum (Pimander / Poimandres)same word and a translator’s rendering
- aistheseis — sensesginning. 2) The other gods also unite, thanks to their activity, in Ptah-Atum, for heart and tongue rule everything; thePoimandres: Studies in Greek-Egyptian Literature, 1904, p. 80 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aistheseis — sensory perceptionsarmony of all things." That gives the 1) One should compare especially Chap. XIV (XV). 2) The circle of gods creates thePoimandres: Studies in Greco-Egyptian and Early Christian Literature, 1904, p. 222 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aistheseis — senses# LIBELLUS I: § 24 energeiai actualities/operations . TheHermetica, Volume II: Notes on the Corpus Hermeticum, 1925, p. 63 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 200 CECorpus Hermeticum (CH I Poimandres; X The Key; XI Nous to Hermes; XII On the common nous)same word and a translator’s rendering
- aistheseis — sensesginning. 2) The other gods also unite, thanks to their activity, in Ptah-Atum, for heart and tongue rule everything; thePoimandres: Studies in Greek-Egyptian Literature, 1904, p. 80 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aistheseis — sensory perceptionsarmony of all things." That gives the 1) One should compare especially Chap. XIV (XV). 2) The circle of gods creates thePoimandres: Studies in Greco-Egyptian and Early Christian Literature, 1904, p. 222 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aistheseis — senses# LIBELLUS I: § 24 energeiai actualities/operations . TheHermetica, Volume II: Notes on the Corpus Hermeticum, 1925, p. 63 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 250 CEPistis Sophia and the Books of Jeu (Askew and Bruce codices)same word and a translator’s rendering
- aisthēsin — perception/sensationme as they were before; and also the word, which it spoke: "they gave light to their eyes," which is this: they receivedPistis Sophia, 1851, p. 517 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aisthēsin — perceptionde as they were before; and also the word, which it spoke: "they gave light to their eyes," which is this: they receivedPistis Sophia, 1853, p. 96 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aisthēsis — perceptionor themselves a light-power and became again as they had been formerly, and they increased again in the light-perceptionCoptic-Gnostic Writings, 1905, p. 119 · flagged as a term by the translator
and 5 more works in Hermetic & Gnostic; a common word, so the full list is not shown.
Early Christian & Monastic
- 225 CEOrigen, De principiissame word and a translator’s rendering
- 360 CEOrigen, Philocaliasame word and a translator’s rendering
- 390 CEEvagrius Ponticus, Praktikos / On Thoughts / Antirrhetikossame word and a translator’s rendering
- 400 CENemesius of Emesa, De natura hominissame word and a translator’s rendering
- 500 CEPseudo-Dionysius, Mystical Theology & Divine Namessame word and a translator’s rendering
and 1 more works in Early Christian & Monastic; a common word, so the full list is not shown.
Syriac & Armenian
- 550 CEDavid the Invincible, Definitions of Philosophysame word and a translator’s rendering
- 680 CEIsaac of Nineveh, Ascetical Discoursessame word and a translator’s rendering
- 680 CEIsaac of Nineveh, Ascetical Homiliessame word and a translator’s rendering
Byzantine & Orthodox
- 630 CEMaximus the Confessor, Centuries on Charity and other Kephalaiasame word and a translator’s rendering
- aisthēsinodness. For among those things spoken of in connection with evils, it sees wickedness itself—the passion's **sensation**Maximus Confessor Quaestiones ad Thalassium, 1250, p. 34 · original word kept by the translator
- aisthesisaning the mental images formed from sensory input . --- From which he concludes how opinion original: "doxa" , sensationMaximos the Confessor, treatises and letters (Cambridge, University Library, MS Dd.2.22), 1400, p. 74 · original word kept by the translator
- 630 CEMaximus the Confessor, Ambigua / Chapters on Love / Mystagogiasame word and a translator’s rendering
- aisthēsinodness. For among those things spoken of in connection with evils, it sees wickedness itself—the passion's **sensation**Maximus Confessor Quaestiones ad Thalassium, 1250, p. 34 · original word kept by the translator
- aisthesisaning the mental images formed from sensory input . --- From which he concludes how opinion original: "doxa" , sensationMaximos the Confessor, treatises and letters (Cambridge, University Library, MS Dd.2.22), 1400, p. 74 · original word kept by the translator
- 630 CEMaximus the Confessor, Centuries on Love / Mystagogiasame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1070Michael Psellos, De operatione daemonumsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1250Nikephoros Blemmydes, De anima / Epitome physicasame word and a translator’s rendering
and 4 more works in Byzantine & Orthodox; a common word, so the full list is not shown.
Arabic
- 632 CEQurʾān (nafs, rūḥ, qalb; sleep as death; Joseph’s dreams)same word
- perceptionhomever He wills. He addressed God regarding what they did within their souls—which is your greatest strength, for it isThe small Qur’ānic leaves from the Mingana-Lewis Palimpsest (MS Or.1287), 680-720, p. 22 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Perceptionyond them to those other than them. It is permissible that their hearts, their callers, and their opinions are intended.Al-Kashshaf (Quran Commentary), 1856, p. 842 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 850 CEal-Kindī, On Sleep and Dreams / On the Intellectsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1160Ibn Tufayl, Hayy ibn Yaqzansame word and a translator’s rendering
- sensation — the ability to perceive through the sensesass, especially the animals, have a third form in addition to the first and second forms in which they agree, from whichDer Naturmensch oder Geschichte des Hai Ebn Joktan, 1783, p. -63 · flagged as a term by the translator
- sensationthe animals, although they share the first and second Forms with this group, have a third Form added thereto, from whichHet leeven van Hai Ebn Yokdan, 1701, p. -79 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1175Ibn Ṭufayl, Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān (Philosophus autodidactus)same word and a translator’s rendering
- sensation — the ability to perceive through the sensesass, especially the animals, have a third form in addition to the first and second forms in which they agree, from whichDer Naturmensch oder Geschichte des Hai Ebn Joktan, 1783, p. -63 · flagged as a term by the translator
- sensationthe animals, although they share the first and second Forms with this group, have a third Form added thereto, from whichHet leeven van Hai Ebn Yokdan, 1701, p. -79 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1180Averroes, Tahāfut al-tahāfut / Faṣl al-maqālsame word and a translator’s rendering
Medieval Latin
- 867 CEEriugena, Periphyseon IVsame word and a translator’s rendering
- aisthesis — sense-perception. Therefore, in the place of falsehood and vain phantasies—that is, in the corporeal sense which is called by the GreeksOn the Division of Nature, 1681, p. 214 · flagged as a term by the translator
- αἴσθησις — sense-perceptionthe soul—for νοῦς original: "νοῦς" (intellect/mind). , that is, intellect, is a kind of male in the soul, while αἴσθησιςPeriphyseon: The Division of Nature, 1987, p. 143 · original word kept by the translator
Buddhist
- 900 CESaraha, Dohākoṣasame word and a translator’s rendering
Tibetan
- 1100Tibetan dream yoga (Six Yogas of Nāropa; rmi lam) and the Bardo Thödol's dream bardosame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1310Mkha' 'gro snying thig (Dākinī Heart-Essence instruction cycle)same word
Renaissance & Early Modern Europe
- 1476Marsilio Ficino, Epistolae (Letters)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1482Ficino, Theologia Platonica XIII (on dreams, prophecy and the vacant soul)same word and a translator’s rendering
- αἴσθησιν — sensationter 4, coll. II. 9. 1, and what is annotated there on p. 200 E; and regarding the distinction between νοῦν intellect andPlotini Opera Omnia cum Ficini commentariis, 1835, p. 289 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aisthesince** original: "epistemen". Rational, certain knowledge. as the knowledge of beings, while he joins **sense-perception**Platonic Theology, Theological Treatises, and Homilies, 1520, p. 211 · original word kept by the translator
- sensation, by which bodies live, is more powerful than all bodies because it gives life to them. Surely that soul which possessesPlatonic Theology on the Immortality of Souls, 1525, p. 288 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1482Ficino, Theologia Platonica de immortalitate animorumsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1590Renaissance Aristotelian De anima commentaries (Zabarella, Toledo, Javelli, Scaino, Mastri, Marcello, Liceti)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1624Böhme, Der Weg zu Christosame word and a translator’s rendering
- perceptionves constitute all of reality, from the inner life of God to the physical world. , (namely: 1) desire , 2) mobility , 3)The Way to Christ, 1803, p. 108 · flagged as a term by the translator
- perceptioninfinite desire for what is good. 2. Just as in a person's natural state, so too in the workings of the soul, perceptionImportant truths. With extracts from the way to Christ by Jacob Boehme, 1769, p. 140 · original word kept by the translator
and 14 more works in Renaissance & Early Modern Europe; a common word, so the full list is not shown.
Theosophical & Modern Esoteric
- 1749Swedenborg, Arcana Coelestia (Heavenly Arcana)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1847Davis, The Principles of Naturesame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1891Papus, occult-science treatisessame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1894Steiner, Die Philosophie der Freiheitsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1904Steiner, Wie erlangt man Erkenntnisse der höheren Welten? (with Geheimwissenschaft)same word and a translator’s rendering
and 3 more works in Theosophical & Modern Esoteric; a common word, so the full list is not shown.
Modern European
- 1788Eckartshausen, Aufschlüsse zur Magie / Mystische Nächtesame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1798Schelling, Von der Weltseele (with System des transzendentalen Idealismus)same word and a translator’s rendering
- Perception — perceptionreveals itself. Through this, they are capable of Sympathie sympathy and Antipathie antipathy , as well as generally theVon der Weltseele, 1806, p. 42 · flagged as a term by the translator
- sensation, upon which the **determinateness** original: *Bestimmtheit*; the quality of being specific or defined of **sensation**System of Transcendental Idealism, 1800, p. 167 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1805Maine de Biran, Oeuvres philosophiques (Mémoire sur la décomposition de la pensée; Influence de l'habitude)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1807Hegel, Phänomenologie des Geistes (with Enzyklopädie, subjektiver Geist)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1818Schopenhauer, Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung (Book IV: asceticism)same word and a translator’s rendering
- perceptionobject among objects and is subject to the laws of objects, although it is an *immediate object* *). Like all objects ofDie Welt als Wille und Vorstellung, 1844, p. 42 · flagged as a term by the translator
- perceptionin's capacity to produce vivid sensory imagery during sleep or trance, independent of the eyes. differ from the ordinaryAppendices and Omissions, 1862, p. 339 · flagged as a term by the translator
and 17 more works in Modern European; a common word, so the full list is not shown.
At home in Greek
- 450 BCEPresocratic fragments (Diels): Parmenides, Anaxagoras, Democritus on soulsame word and a translator’s rendering
- aisthēsis — perceptions Pythagor. B 9 (272, 21) cf. B 10 — color = effluence ... proportionate to sight and perceptible Gorg. B 4 (556, 2) cf.The Fragments of the Pre-Socratics, Vol. 3, 1922, p. 86 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aisthesis — sensation71 a 3 b 19) , about the earthquake A III 15 11 (381 a 3) , whence senses arise A IV 3 11 (389 b 5) A IV 9 6 (397 b 2) ,The Greek Doxographers, 1879, p. 702 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aisthesis — sensationUS, ON THE SENSES 1. 2. 7—9]. 86. **Theophrastus**, *On the Senses* 1 ff.: (1) Parmenides, Empedocles, and Plato explainThe Fragments of the Pre-Socratics, 1912, p. 238 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 400 BCEHippocratic corpus, Regimen IV (On Dreams)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 400 BCEHippocratic corpus: On the Sacred Disease; Regimen IV (On Dreams); On the Nature of Mansame word and a translator’s rendering
- 390 BCEPlato (attr.), Alcibiades Isame word and a translator’s rendering
- 380 BCEPlato, Phaedosame word and a translator’s rendering
- aisthesis — sense perceptiondge comes in such a way, it is recollection? I mean in this way: if someone, having seen or heard or received some otherPlato Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Phaedrus, 1683, p. 276 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aisthesis — sensory perceptionch as possible with the faculty of thought alone, without introducing sight into his thinking, nor dragging in any otherPhaedo, 1911, p. 76 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aisthesis — senses possible with the dianoia intellect/thought itself, neither setting sight beside it in thinking nor dragging any otherEuthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo, and Phaedrus, 1913, p. 255 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 375 BCEPlato, Republic IX (the lawless desires in sleep) and Timaeus on the liversame word and a translator’s rendering
- aistheseis — sensationsPROCLUS B In this way they named theProclus: Commentary on Plato's Timaeus, 1847, p. 837 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aisthesis — sense perception# PROCLUS ON THE TIMAEUS B [Tim. 29 BC] For since phantasia imagination refutesCommentary on Plato's Timaeus, Volume II, 1903, p. 402 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aisthesis — sense-perceptionif they do not exist. As it is in itself to extend them. But those of virtue and others are not from them. As experts ofDiversorum scriptorum Opera varia . Diaphoron syngrapheon Erga diaphora . Titulum corrige Platonis Opera omnia cum prole, 1350, p. 808 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 370 BCEPlato, Phaedrussame word and a translator’s rendering
- aisthesis — sense perceptiondge comes in such a way, it is recollection? I mean in this way: if someone, having seen or heard or received some otherPlato Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Phaedrus, 1683, p. 276 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aisthesis — senses possible with the dianoia intellect/thought itself, neither setting sight beside it in thinking nor dragging any otherEuthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo, and Phaedrus, 1913, p. 255 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 370 BCEPlato, Phaedrus (tripartite soul, divine madness, recollection)same word and a translator’s rendering
- aisthesis — sense perceptiondge comes in such a way, it is recollection? I mean in this way: if someone, having seen or heard or received some otherPlato Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Phaedrus, 1683, p. 276 · flagged as a term by the translator
- aisthesis — senses possible with the dianoia intellect/thought itself, neither setting sight beside it in thinking nor dragging any otherEuthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo, and Phaedrus, 1913, p. 255 · flagged as a term by the translator
and 11 more.
Evidence gate. A work is listed only where a translator marked the word as a term with a gloss, or kept the original word beside the English, on at least one page of a held edition. Vocabulary lists and keywords alone do not count: in a Greek vocabulary list ἡσυχία is the ordinary word for quiet. Up to 3 pages are shown per work, preferring those with a gloss. The vocabulary was built 2026-09-11; the graph on 2026-09-13.