Ideas across traditions · ritual · Arabic
pilgrimage
Works in 12 traditions beyond Arabic attest this concept, on 664 cited pages. Translators have rendered it as “peregrinatio”, “hajj”, “pelerinage”, “wallfahrt” and 7 other ways; a link through a rendering is marked as such, because another translator chose differently.
Also under: “peregrinatio” · “hajj” · “pelerinage” · “wallfahrt” · “wallfahrten” · “pelerinages” · “hagg” · “pilgrimschaft” · “तीर्थयात्रा” · “pelgrimagie” · “peregrinationem”
In other traditions
Ordered by the earliest work in each tradition that attests the concept. Within a tradition, works run from earliest to latest by conventional composition date.
Greek
- 750 BCEHomer, Iliad & Odysseya translator’s rendering
- 725 BCEHomer, the dream of Agamemnon and Penelope's gates of horn and ivorya translator’s rendering
Hermetic & Gnostic
- 100 BCESibylline Oraclesa translator’s rendering
- 150 CEHermetica, Corpus Hermeticum I (Poimandres, the vision in sleep)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 250 CEKore Kosmousame word and a translator’s rendering
- 250 CEHermetic excerpts in Stobaeus (Kore Kosmou)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 300 CEIamblichus, De mysteriis III (divine dreams and god-sent sleep)a translator’s rendering
Hebrew & Jewish
- 20 CEPhilo of Alexandria (collected works)same word and a translator’s rendering
- peregrinatiof "unfortunate ones," were leading a life of leisure, quiet, and true freedom. He preferred to call this a "trip abroad"[Greek] Omnia quae extant opera, 1640, p. -504 · original word kept by the translator
- Pilgrimageagar , and in Latin Philo expressed this in Greek, our interpreter in Armenian, and we have explained it in Latin. Auch.Philonis Judaei Opera Omnia (Vol. 7), 1828, p. 163 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 30 CEPhilo, On Dreams (De somniis)same word and a translator’s rendering
Hellenistic & Late Antique
- 170 CEArtemidorus, Oneirocriticasame word and a translator’s rendering
- peregrinatioal, or a woman's garment, or something else from those things that signify a woman. But if his mind is devoted to travelThe Interpretation of Dreams (De Somniorum Interpretatione), 1539, p. 363 · flagged as a term by the translator
- peregrinationempter VI, which focuses on the symbolism of ants in dreams. 307 INTERPRETATION, BOOK III But they are also bad for travelThe Interpretation of Dreams (Oneirocritica) by Artemidorus Daldianus and Achmet, 1518, p. 313 · original word kept by the translator
- 300 CEIamblichus, De anima (fragments in Stobaeus)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 300 CEIamblichus, Protrepticusa translator’s rendering
- 450 CEStobaeus, Anthology (Anthologium/Eclogae)same word and a translator’s rendering
Early Christian & Monastic
- 390 CEEvagrius Ponticus, Praktikos / Kephalaia Gnostica / Chaptersa translator’s rendering
- 390 CEEvagrius Ponticus, Praktikos / On Prayer / Kephalaia Gnostikaa translator’s rendering
- 390 CEEvagrius Ponticus, Praktikos / On Thoughts / Antirrhetikosa translator’s rendering
- 470 CEClaudianus Mamertus, De statu animaesame word and a translator’s rendering
- peregrinatiots which is not of that nature; nor can it sigh for that homeland from which it was deservedly cast into this pilgrimageThe Works of Claudianus Mamertus, 1885, p. 131 · original word kept by the translator
- peregrinatiod is nothing at all. It cannot even long for that fatherland from which it was deservedly cast down into this pilgrimageThe Works of Claudianus Mamertus, 1885, p. 145 · original word kept by the translator
Syriac & Armenian
- 650 CEIsaac of Nineveh / Evagrius on dreams and the demons of the nighta translator’s rendering
- 1280Bar Hebraeus, other historical/theological works (Chronicon, Ecclesiastical History, Ascent of the Mind, Book of Splendours)same word and a translator’s rendering
Byzantine & Orthodox
- 950 CEAchmet, Oneirocriticonsame word and a translator’s rendering
Persian
- 1070Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjubsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1070Hujwīrī, Kashf al-maḥjūbsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1200Niẓāmī / ʿAṭṭār / Rūmī: dream narratives in Persian poetrysame word and a translator’s rendering
- hajjous 9th-century Persian Sufi mystic. , the leader of the community, was hurrying toward Mecca for the Greater PilgrimageMasnavi (Mathnawi), Unknown, p. 225 · original word kept by the translator
- hajjnd me in pilgrimage.”* original: Shaykh of the community, was hurrying toward Mecca for the greater pilgrimage original:The Mathnawí of Jalálu'ddín Rúmí, Vols. 1-2, 1926, p. 355 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1200Attar, Ilahi-namasame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1200ʿAṭṭār, Ilāhī-Nāmasame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1200ʿAṭṭār, Ilāhī-nāmasame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1258Sa'di, Gulistansame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1260Rumi, Masnavi-yi Ma'navisame word and a translator’s rendering
- hajjous 9th-century Persian Sufi mystic. , the leader of the community, was hurrying toward Mecca for the Greater PilgrimageMasnavi (Mathnawi), Unknown, p. 225 · original word kept by the translator
- hajjnd me in pilgrimage.”* original: Shaykh of the community, was hurrying toward Mecca for the greater pilgrimage original:The Mathnawí of Jalálu'ddín Rúmí, Vols. 1-2, 1926, p. 355 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1270Rūmī, Masnavī-yi maʿnavīsame word and a translator’s rendering
- hajjous 9th-century Persian Sufi mystic. , the leader of the community, was hurrying toward Mecca for the Greater PilgrimageMasnavi (Mathnawi), Unknown, p. 225 · original word kept by the translator
- hajjnd me in pilgrimage.”* original: Shaykh of the community, was hurrying toward Mecca for the greater pilgrimage original:The Mathnawí of Jalálu'ddín Rúmí, Vols. 1-2, 1926, p. 355 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1273Rūmī, Masnavī-yi Maʿnavīsame word and a translator’s rendering
- hajjous 9th-century Persian Sufi mystic. , the leader of the community, was hurrying toward Mecca for the Greater PilgrimageMasnavi (Mathnawi), Unknown, p. 225 · original word kept by the translator
- hajjnd me in pilgrimage.”* original: Shaykh of the community, was hurrying toward Mecca for the greater pilgrimage original:The Mathnawí of Jalálu'ddín Rúmí, Vols. 1-2, 1926, p. 355 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1350Ubayd Zakani, satirical works (Complete Works / Muntakhab-i Lata'if)same word and a translator’s rendering
Medieval Latin
- 1275Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun, Roman de la Rosesame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1350Johannes Tauler, sermonssame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1350Johannes Tauler, Sermonssame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1378Catherine of Siena, Dialoguesame word
- 1378Catherine of Siena, Dialogo della divina provvidenzasame word
- 1378Catherine of Siena, The Dialoguesame word
- 1393Julian of Norwich, Revelations of Divine Lovesame word
- 1420Thomas à Kempis, De Imitatione Christisame word and a translator’s rendering
- pelgrimagie — pilgrimages. O my soul, if only you could receive and grasp a little of the unspeakable joy of the saints, by which your sorrowfulDie alleen-spraecke der zielen met Godt, 1628, p. -115 · flagged as a term by the translator
- pelerinageill me with that joy Which You make reign in the Heavens. JESUS-CHRIST (Jesus Christ), gloire éternelle (eternal glory),The Imitation of Christ, 1704, p. 285 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1420Thomas à Kempis, Imitatio Christisame word and a translator’s rendering
- pelgrimagie — pilgrimages. O my soul, if only you could receive and grasp a little of the unspeakable joy of the saints, by which your sorrowfulDie alleen-spraecke der zielen met Godt, 1628, p. -115 · flagged as a term by the translator
- pelerinageill me with that joy Which You make reign in the Heavens. JESUS-CHRIST (Jesus Christ), gloire éternelle (eternal glory),The Imitation of Christ, 1704, p. 285 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1453Nicholas of Cusa, De visione Deisame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1453Nicholas of Cusa, De visione Dei / Idiota de mentesame word and a translator’s rendering
Indian
- 1500Guru Nānak, Japjī / Ādi Granthsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1604Guru Granth Sahib / Adi Granthsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1604Guru Nānak, Japjī & Guru Granth Sāhib (nām simran)same word and a translator’s rendering
Renaissance & Early Modern Europe
- 1533Agrippa, De occulta philosophia III (on dreams and prophecy)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1533Agrippa, De occulta philosophia libri tressame word
- 1585John of the Cross, works (Ascent of Mount Carmel, Dark Night, Living Flame)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1585John of the Cross, Ascent of Mount Carmel / Dark Night / Living Flamesame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1606Johann Arndt, Vier Bücher vom wahren Christentum / Paradiesgärtleinsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1611Lewis Bayly, The Practice of Pietysame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1624Böhme, Der Weg zu Christosame word and a translator’s rendering
- pilgrimage — spiritual journey>*The enlightened Soul said,* † "Now I like your condition very well. For now our beloved Lord Jesus Christ walks in hisThe way to Christ discovered, 1752, p. -157 · flagged as a term by the translator
- pilgrimageur condition very well; for now our beloved Lord **JESUS CHRIST** walks with you and in you during this, your pilgrimageImportant truths. With extracts from the way to Christ by Jacob Boehme, 1769, p. 332 · original word kept by the translator
- 1624Jacob Böhme, Der Weg zu Christo (The Way to Christ)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1657Johann Scheffler (Angelus Silesius), Heilige Seelenlust / Cherubinischer Wandersmannsame word
- 1696Jane Lead, A Fountain of Gardenssame word
- 1697Jane Lead, A Fountain of Gardens (spiritual diary) & tractssame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1746Calmet, Dissertations sur les apparitions et les vampiressame word and a translator’s rendering
Modern European
- 1657Angelus Silesius, Cherubinischer Wandersmannsame word
- 1657Angelus Silesius, Heilige Seelenlustsame word
- 1903Allen, As a Man Thinkethsame word
At home in Arabic
- 632 CEQurʾān (nafs, rūḥ, qalb; sleep as death; Joseph’s dreams)same word and a translator’s rendering
- Hagg — pilgrimageisit at any other time of the year is termed ’Homrah visitation , and though meritorious, has not the same weight as theThe Quran, Part 1, 1879, p. 80 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Hajj — pilgrimage to Meccarselves] with your [own] hands into destruction. And do good; indeed, God loves the doers of good. 191. And complete theThe Quran (Al-Coranus), Unknown, p. 127 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Haggthe same source. Their practice of walking in a circle around holy shrines is still continued today as part of the HajjThe Qur'an, Part I (Palmer, Sacred Books of the East), 1880, p. 15 · original word kept by the translator
- 650 CELuqman fables (Arabic)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 750 CEKalila wa-Dimnasame word and a translator’s rendering
- 846 CECanonical ḥadīth: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī (Kitāb al-Taʿbīr) and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslimsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 900 CEAlf Layla wa-Layla (Thousand and One Nights)a translator’s rendering
- 900 CEAchmet (pseudo-Ibn Sīrīn), Oneirocriticonsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 925 CEal-Rāzī, al-Ḥāwī / al-Manṣūrī (brain, melancholy, phrenitis)a translator’s rendering
- 980 CESarraj, Kitab al-Lumasame word and a translator’s rendering
- 980 CESarrāj, Kitāb al-Lumaʿsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 988 CEal-Sarrāj, Kitāb al-Lumaʿsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1025Avicenna, al-Qānūn fī l-ṭibb (brain, inner senses, sleep, melancholy)a translator’s rendering
- 1045Qushayri, al-Risala al-Qushayriyyasame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1045al-Qushayrī, al-Risāla al-Qushayriyyasame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1046Qushayrī, Al-Risāla al-Qushayriyyasame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1097Ghazali, Ihya Ulum al-Dinsame word and a translator’s rendering
- Hajj — pilgrimageires thorough reflection. It is incumbent upon the person to ask scholars about the manner of discharging it. As for theIḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn (Revival of the Religious Sciences), 1888, p. 33 · flagged as a term by the translator
- hajj — the annual pilgrimage to Meccaithout which religion cannot be complete, the same applies to the knowledge of politics. It is known that the pilgrimageThe Revival of the Religious Sciences (Ihya Ulum al-Din), 1937, p. 38 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Hajj — pilgrimage to Meccairectly concern the Hereafter. from the beginning of traveling the deserts to the end, and from the first pillars of theإحياء علوم الدين (Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn), 1402, p. 64 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1100al-Ghazālī, Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn (ʿAjāʾib al-qalb; Book 40 on dreams and the grave)same word and a translator’s rendering
- Hajj — pilgrimageires thorough reflection. It is incumbent upon the person to ask scholars about the manner of discharging it. As for theIḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn (Revival of the Religious Sciences), 1888, p. 33 · flagged as a term by the translator
- hajj — the annual pilgrimage to Meccaithout which religion cannot be complete, the same applies to the knowledge of politics. It is known that the pilgrimageThe Revival of the Religious Sciences (Ihya Ulum al-Din), 1937, p. 38 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Hajj — pilgrimage to Meccairectly concern the Hereafter. from the beginning of traveling the deserts to the end, and from the first pillars of theإحياء علوم الدين (Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn), 1402, p. 64 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1100al-Ghazālī on dreams (Iḥyāʾ, Book 40; Munqidh)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1105al-Hariri, Maqamat al-Haririsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1106Ghazālī, Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīnsame word and a translator’s rendering
- hajj — the annual pilgrimage to Meccaithout which religion cannot be complete, the same applies to the knowledge of politics. It is known that the pilgrimageThe Revival of the Religious Sciences (Ihya Ulum al-Din), 1937, p. 38 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Hajj — pilgrimage to Meccairectly concern the Hereafter. from the beginning of traveling the deserts to the end, and from the first pillars of theإحياء علوم الدين (Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn), 1402, p. 64 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1110al-Ghazālī, Minhāj al-ʿābidīna translator’s rendering
- 1160Ibn Tufayl, Hayy ibn Yaqzana translator’s rendering
- 1175Ibn Ṭufayl, Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān (Philosophus autodidactus)a translator’s rendering
- 1225Al-Būnī, Shams al-Maʿārifsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1230Ibn ʿArabī on the imaginal world (ʿālam al-mithāl) and dream (Futūḥāt, Fuṣūṣ ch. on Joseph)same word and a translator’s rendering
- hajj — pilgrimage to Meccawhich it is struck. For the imposition of a thing is not the thing itself while it is in this connection. The pilgrimageالفتوحات المكية (Meccan Revelations), 1231, p. 46 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Hajjd Tunisia several times, staying for intermittent periods. He eventually departed for the East to perform the PilgrimageDaily Prayers (Awrad Ibn Arabi), Unknown, p. 11 · flagged as a term by the translator
- hajjht normally have in everyday language, like, for example, the words salât 38: Ritual prayer. (prayer), wudû’ (ablution),Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya (The Meccan Revelations), 2023, p. 82 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1231Ibn ʿArabī, Al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyyasame word and a translator’s rendering
- hajj — pilgrimage to Meccawhich it is struck. For the imposition of a thing is not the thing itself while it is in this connection. The pilgrimageالفتوحات المكية (Meccan Revelations), 1231, p. 46 · flagged as a term by the translator
- hajjht normally have in everyday language, like, for example, the words salât 38: Ritual prayer. (prayer), wudû’ (ablution),Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya (The Meccan Revelations), 2023, p. 82 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1231Ibn ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-makkiyya (imagination, ʿālam al-mithāl, dreams)same word and a translator’s rendering
- hajj — pilgrimage to Meccawhich it is struck. For the imposition of a thing is not the thing itself while it is in this connection. The pilgrimageالفتوحات المكية (Meccan Revelations), 1231, p. 46 · flagged as a term by the translator
- hajjht normally have in everyday language, like, for example, the words salât 38: Ritual prayer. (prayer), wudû’ (ablution),Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya (The Meccan Revelations), 2023, p. 82 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1400al-Ījī / al-Jurjānī, al-Mawāqif with Sharḥ al-Mawāqif (kalām on perception and soul)a translator’s rendering
- Hajj — pilgrimageis restricted by the ownership of a minimum taxable amount that is free from debt and basic needs, or the obligation ofḤāshiyah ʻalá al-ilāhīyāt wa-al-samʻīyāt min Sharḥ al-Maqāṣid, uuuu, p. 368 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Hajj — pilgrimagethin one's power," and we have assumed that this does not serve as a barrier. We respond: In our view, the obligation ofSharḥ al-Mawāqif, 1455, p. 230 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1885Reference studies of Islam (Goldziher, Hughes, Leclerc)same word and a translator’s rendering
- ḥaǧǧ — pilgrimageon of Western Arabia to take the oath of allegiance to him—he resorted to the expedient of the doctrine of the vicariousMuslim Studies, 1889, p. 341 · flagged as a term by the translator
- HAJJtained as a title of honor by those who have performed the pilgrimage; *e.g.* *Hājī Qāsim*, meaning "Qāsim the Pilgrim."A Dictionary of Islam, 1885, p. 169 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1920Anthropology of jinn, possession and saints (Westermarck, Canaan, Zwemer)same word and a translator’s rendering
Evidence gate. A work is listed only where a translator marked the word as a term with a gloss, or kept the original word beside the English, on at least one page of a held edition. Vocabulary lists and keywords alone do not count: in a Greek vocabulary list ἡσυχία is the ordinary word for quiet. Up to 3 pages are shown per work, preferring those with a gloss. The vocabulary was built 2026-09-11; the graph on 2026-09-13.