Ideas across traditions · meditation · Buddhist
vipaśyanā
Works in 3 traditions beyond Buddhist attest this concept, on 158 cited pages. Translators have rendered it as “lhag mthong”, “ལྷག་མཐོང་”, “lhaktong”; a link through a rendering is marked as such, because another translator chose differently.
Also under: vipassana · vipasyana · vipassana-bhavana · vipashyana · “lhag mthong” · “ལྷག་མཐོང་” · “lhaktong”
23works in other traditions, with a cited page
24works in Buddhist, its home tradition on the maps
6further works where only a vocabulary list or keyword names it; not shown
0judged analogues in other traditions (a different word for a neighbouring idea)
In other traditions
Ordered by the earliest work in each tradition that attests the concept. Within a tradition, works run from earliest to latest by conventional composition date.
Korean & Vietnamese
Chinese
- 705 CEŚūraṅgama Sūtrasame word
- vipashyana — clear observationthe diamond to observe, like illusions, the ten deep analogies in shamatha calm abiding , using the various Tathagatas'Shurangama Sutra with Essential Commentary, 1594, p. 316 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Vipashyana — clear seeing's vapor smells like a city, but when the sun rises high, there is nothing. Use the pure practice and realization of the대불정수릉엄경 (Surangama Sutra, 1456 Korean woodblock), 1456, p. 740 · flagged as a term by the translator
Tibetan
- 1050Nāropa, Six Yogas (tummo, illusory body, dream, clear light, bardo, phowa)same word
- 1100Tibetan dream yoga (Six Yogas of Nāropa; rmi lam) and the Bardo Thödol's dream bardosame word
- vipashyana — superior insightcultivate the core of devotion and contemplate other matters. Second, for the main practice of shamatha calm abiding andZab chos zhi khro dgongs pa rang grol lo rgyus sogs, 1700, p. 95 · flagged as a term by the translator
- vipashyana — insight. Up to the benefit of the gods, the firmament of the deity is six. Relying on that, it is the shamatha calm abiding andzab chos zhi khro dgongs pa rang grol las/ bar do'i dmar khrid dgongs pa rang grol gyi sngon 'gro rang rgyud 'dul byed k, 1700, p. 21 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Vipashyana — special insightand contemplation, and then enter the stages of meditation. Meditation consists of two parts: Shamatha calm abiding andThor bu Zhi khro dgongs pa rang grol skor, 1700, p. 193 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1100Sharawa, Lamrim (Stages of the Path)same word
- 1100Kadam lamrim & Bka' gdams bu chos (Atiśa lineage)same word
- 1100Machig Labdrön, Gcodsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1310Mkha' 'gro snying thig (Dākinī Heart-Essence instruction cycle)same word and a translator’s rendering
- vipashyana — insight meditationpecifics of meditating on calm abiding shamatha tranquility meditation , the specifics of meditating on superior insightmKha' 'gro snying thig gi btags grol, 1700, p. 12 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Vipashyana — InsightThe perfection of wisdom Prajna is the realization that all phenomena lack inherent existence by relying on the path ofThor bu Zab chos mkha' snying thig gi chos sde, 1700, p. 54 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1320Rangjung Dorje (Karmapa III), rNam shes ye shes 'byed pa and Zab mo nang donsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1350Karma Lingpa, Bar do thos grol (Zhi khro dgongs pa rang grol)same word
- vipashyana — clear seeinge training in meditation. This means striving in the yoga of tranquil abiding shamatha calm abiding and superior insightBar do smon lam ngo sprod, 1700, p. 147 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Vipashyana — superior insights. The essence of Shamatha calm abiding is remaining without movement in virtuous states. Following this, the essence ofkarma gling pa'i gter byon br do'i thos grol dang/ chos spyod bag chags rang grol, 1700, p. 61 · flagged as a term by the translator
- vipashyana — insight. Up to the benefit of the gods, the firmament of the deity is six. Relying on that, it is the shamatha calm abiding andzab chos zhi khro dgongs pa rang grol las/ bar do'i dmar khrid dgongs pa rang grol gyi sngon 'gro rang rgyud 'dul byed k, 1700, p. 21 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1350Longchenpa, Ngal gso skor gsum, Man ngag mdzod & Snying thig ya bzhisame word and a translator’s rendering
- vipashyana — superior insightre of the mind is the nature of shamatha calm abiding . Realizing the nature of the mind just as it is, is the nature ofKlong chen man nag mdzod dang tshig don mdzod, 1700, p. 15 · flagged as a term by the translator
- vipashyana — superior insight, and the Secret Mantra vows. The training in meditative concentration possesses the nature of shamatha calm abiding andRdzogs pa chen po ngal gso skor gsum gyi dkar chag padma stong ldan, 1700, p. 111 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1350Longchenpa, mDzod bdun (Seven Treasuries)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1350Longchenpa, Ngal gso skor gsum (Trilogy of Rest)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1400Dzogchen khrid yig (direct-introduction and guidance manuals; Sems sde, Kun byed rgyal po)same word and a translator’s rendering
- vipashyana — superior insightve happiness. May they be free from suffering. Then, the main practice of the path is twofold: shamatha calm abiding andDon khrid lam gyi sgron me, 1700, p. 85 · flagged as a term by the translator
- vipashyana — superior seeingof the place ... Five Hundred Thirty-two The marginal note refers to the folio number. One does not train in the insightrdzogs chen khrid lam bzang ye shes snying po, 1700, p. 25 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1402Tsongkhapa, Lam rim chen mo / chung ngu (śamatha–vipaśyanā chapters)same word and a translator’s rendering
- Vipashyana — superior insighte laws of karma, then meditating on Bodhicitta , then learning the conduct, then meditating on Shamatha calm abiding andLamrim: Stages of the Path to Enlightenment, 1100, p. 28 · flagged as a term by the translator
- vipaśyanālity and insight) continues. # Introduction with the two corresponding factors of tranquillity ( śamatha ) and insight (Lamrim Chenmo (Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path), Vol. 1, 2000, p. 18 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1402Tsongkhapa's Lamrim (Lam rim chen mo / chung ngu)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1402Tsongkhapa, Lam rim chen mo & chung ngusame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1550Mahāmudrā manuals (Wangchuk Dorje, Pema Karpo, Tashi Namgyal, Khamtrul)same word and a translator’s rendering
- lhag mthong — superior insightishes the incomparable Guru referring to the internal realization of the master as the ultimate reality and sees it. TheIntroduction to the Preliminary Practice of Mahamudra (Innate Union), 1710, p. 236 · flagged as a term by the translator
- lhag mthong — vipashyanad the mandala offering. The third, the actual path, has two: calming meditation zhi gnas shamatha and insight meditationThadrak Thor bu 026 Phyag chen khrid yig sogs, 1700, p. 81 · flagged as a term by the translator
- lhag mthong — Vipashyana. Those who wish to meditate on the supreme yoga should train in both **Calm Abiding** zhi gnas Shamatha and **Insight**Thor bu Phyag chen rnal 'byor bzhi bshad, 1700, p. 72 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1600Zhal gdams / man ngag — retreat and heart-advice manualssame word and a translator’s rendering
- lhag mthong — vipashyana/superior insightdom . The fourth is making supplication. By supplicating the Guru, blessings are entered. The fifth is the meditation ofThor bu dGe sbyor bdun pa'i nyams len sogs, 1700, p. 89 · flagged as a term by the translator
- vipashyana — insightmeditation, remaining steady is shamatha calm abiding . Within that state, awareness being clear and free of thought isThor bu lCe sgom nyams len sogs, 1700, p. 30 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1700Mahāmudrā instruction manuals (Bhutanese and Drukpa Kagyü)same word and a translator’s rendering
- lhag mthong — superior insightishes the incomparable Guru referring to the internal realization of the master as the ultimate reality and sees it. TheIntroduction to the Preliminary Practice of Mahamudra (Innate Union), 1710, p. 236 · flagged as a term by the translator
- lhag mthong — vipashyanad the mandala offering. The third, the actual path, has two: calming meditation zhi gnas shamatha and insight meditationThadrak Thor bu 026 Phyag chen khrid yig sogs, 1700, p. 81 · flagged as a term by the translator
- lhag mthong — Vipashyana. Those who wish to meditate on the supreme yoga should train in both **Calm Abiding** zhi gnas Shamatha and **Insight**Thor bu Phyag chen rnal 'byor bzhi bshad, 1700, p. 72 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1700Grub mtha' (Tibetan doxographies of the four tenet systems)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1700Legs bshad (miscellaneous aphorism collections, Neyphug/Phurdrup)same word
- 1765Jigme Lingpa, Klong chen snying thig (with Patrul's Kun bzang bla ma'i zhal lung)same word and a translator’s rendering
At home in Buddhist
- 400 BCEDīgha Nikāyasame word
- 300 BCEDhammapada (with aṭṭhakathā)same word
- 250 BCEPaṭṭhānasame word
- vipassanā — clear-seeingThe well-accepted path of insightපට්ඨානපකරණ (Theravada Abhidhamma — Sri Lankan Palm-Leaf MS), Unknown, p. 484 · flagged as a term by the translator
- vipassanā — insight... abbreviated ... the physical base, the aggregates disconnected from ties, greed, and aversion as impermanent throughDukapatthana, 1906, p. 294 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 250 BCEJātaka (Pali birth-story collection)same word
- 50 BCEPrajñāpāramitā (Aṣṭasāhasrikā; Heart and Diamond Sūtras)same word and a translator’s rendering
- vipashyanā — clear-seeingnse, calligraphic script. **Left Block:** For the Bodhisattva, the Great Being who is engaged in the practice of insightAṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā (8,000-line Perfection of Wisdom), 900, p. 368 · flagged as a term by the translator
- vipashyanā — insight/deep observationA circular hole in the center of the palm leaf, typical for binding manuscripts of this type. It is proclaimed asAṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā (second manuscript), 1000, p. 176 · flagged as a term by the translator
- vipashyana — superior insightnal: "Dgongs pa nges par 'grel ba'i mdo" : Regarding the Noble Ones: "The objects of focus for shamatha calm abiding andHeart Sutra Commentary: Illuminating the Essence, 1500, p. 99 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 150 CENāgārjuna, Suhṛllekha (Letter to a Friend)same word
- 350 CEMaitreya/Asaṅga, Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkārasame word and a translator’s rendering
- 380 CEVasubandhu, Abhidharmakośa with Bhāṣyasame word
- 400 CEVasubandhu, Abhidharmakośa (chs. 6 & 8: path and attainments)same word
- 430 CEVisuddhimagga (Path of Purification)same word
- vipassanā — insight meditationast kamma volitional action . The yogi should establish himself in virtue and develop samatha tranquility meditation andVisuddhimagga (วิสุทธิมรรค, Path of Purification) in Thai, 500, p. 56 · flagged as a term by the translator
- vipassanāno exclusive claim to teach *jhāna* concentration ( samatha = samādhi ), it does claim that the development of insight (Visuddhimagga (The Path of Purification), 2010, p. 50 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 430 CEBuddhaghosa, Visuddhimaggasame word
- vipassanā — insight meditationast kamma volitional action . The yogi should establish himself in virtue and develop samatha tranquility meditation andVisuddhimagga (วิสุทธิมรรค, Path of Purification) in Thai, 500, p. 56 · flagged as a term by the translator
- vipassanāno exclusive claim to teach *jhāna* concentration ( samatha = samādhi ), it does claim that the development of insight (Visuddhimagga (The Path of Purification), 2010, p. 50 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 430 CEBuddhaghosa, Atthasālinīsame word
- 450 CEDhammapadaṭṭhakathā (Buddhaghosa’s Commentary on the Dhammapada)same word
- 450 CEAtthasālinī (Buddhaghosa’s Commentary on the Dhammasaṅgaṇī)same word
- 620 CECandrakīrti, Madhyamakāvatārasame word
- 700 CEŚāntideva, Bodhicaryāvatārasame word
- 705 CEŚūraṅgama Sūtrasame word
- vipashyana — clear observationthe diamond to observe, like illusions, the ten deep analogies in shamatha calm abiding , using the various Tathagatas'Shurangama Sutra with Essential Commentary, 1594, p. 316 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Vipashyana — clear seeing's vapor smells like a city, but when the sun rises high, there is nothing. Use the pure practice and realization of the대불정수릉엄경 (Surangama Sutra, 1456 Korean woodblock), 1456, p. 740 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 705 CEŚūraṅgama Sūtra (大佛頂首楞嚴經)same word
- vipashyana — clear observationthe diamond to observe, like illusions, the ten deep analogies in shamatha calm abiding , using the various Tathagatas'Shurangama Sutra with Essential Commentary, 1594, p. 316 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Vipashyana — clear seeing's vapor smells like a city, but when the sun rises high, there is nothing. Use the pure practice and realization of the대불정수릉엄경 (Surangama Sutra, 1456 Korean woodblock), 1456, p. 740 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 705 CEŚūraṅgama Sūtra on dream and delusionsame word
- vipashyana — clear observationthe diamond to observe, like illusions, the ten deep analogies in shamatha calm abiding , using the various Tathagatas'Shurangama Sutra with Essential Commentary, 1594, p. 316 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Vipashyana — clear seeing's vapor smells like a city, but when the sun rises high, there is nothing. Use the pure practice and realization of the대불정수릉엄경 (Surangama Sutra, 1456 Korean woodblock), 1456, p. 740 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 800 CECakrasaṃvara sādhana (Ghaṇṭapāda five stages; Vajrayoginī / Vajravārāhī)same word
- 900 CESaraha, Dohākoṣasame word and a translator’s rendering
- lhag mthong — special insightghtenment . Then, one should train in the bodhisattva conduct. Finally, one should meditate on zhi gnas calm abiding andDo ha'i bshad lugs sogs, 1700, p. 201 · flagged as a term by the translator
- vipashyana — superior insightAbiding in one place in shamatha calm abiding is like thergyal po do ha'i ti ka 'bring po sems kyi rnam thar ston pa'i me long, 1700, p. 12 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 900 CESaraha, Dohākośa (Royal Song)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1000Phyag chen rgya gzhung (Indian Mahāmudrā corpus: Tilopa, Nāropa, Maitrīpa)same word
- 1927Th. Stcherbatsky, The Conception of Buddhist Nirvāṇasame word
Evidence gate. A work is listed only where a translator marked the word as a term with a gloss, or kept the original word beside the English, on at least one page of a held edition. Vocabulary lists and keywords alone do not count: in a Greek vocabulary list ἡσυχία is the ordinary word for quiet. Up to 3 pages are shown per work, preferring those with a gloss. The vocabulary was built 2026-09-11; the graph on 2026-09-13.