Ideas across traditions · meditation · Indian
dhyāna
Works in 10 traditions beyond Indian attest this concept, on 1,951 cited pages. Translators have rendered it as “jhana”, “bsam gtan”, “བསམ་གཏན་”, “samten” and 2 other ways; a link through a rendering is marked as such, because another translator chose differently.
Also under: dhyana · dhyanas · “jhana” · “bsam gtan” · “བསམ་གཏན་” · “samten” · “བསམ་གཏན” · “bsam-gtan”
71works in other traditions, with a cited page
50works in Indian, its home tradition on the maps
49further works where only a vocabulary list or keyword names it; not shown
5judged analogues in other traditions (a different word for a neighbouring idea)
Analogues, judged
A different word, in another tradition, that a reviewer judged to name a neighbouring idea. These are not attestations of dhyāna; each carries the reviewer’s confidence and reason.
- samādhi Indian80%shares the gloss 'meditative absorption' but is the distinct technical term for concentration/absorption
- contemplatio Medieval Latin60%Latin Christian contemplation, linked only through the loose gloss 'contemplation' - adjacent, never a rendering of dhyana
- lectio divina Medieval Latin60%Buddhist meditative absorption glossed 'Meditation/Zen' — adjacent meditation practice in another tradition, not lectio divina (judged from the other side)
- murāqaba Arabic55%Indian meditation term glossed 'Meditation/Zen'; shares only the broad gloss 'contemplation' (judged from the other side)
- jingzuo Chinese55%Sanskrit Buddhist absorption glossed 'Meditation/Zen'; adjacent practice, not the Neo-Confucian quiet-sitting term (judged from the other side)
In other traditions
Ordered by the earliest work in each tradition that attests the concept. Within a tradition, works run from earliest to latest by conventional composition date.
Zoroastrian
- 1000 BCEZoroastrian liturgical corpus (Avesta: Yasna, Visperad, Yašts, Vendīdād)same word
- dhyana — meditation"...cultivateZend-Avesta: The Work of Zoroaster, 1771, p. 418 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — meditationitation ? The Buddha told Subhuti: "Bodhisattvas see sentient beings with scattered minds and say: 'You should cultivateZend-Avesta: Work of Zoroaster, Vol. III, 1771, p. 422 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — meditative stateprarudita saw the Bodhisattva Mahasattva Dharmodgata, his heart was filled with joy, just like a monk entering the thirdThe Zend-Avesta: A New Translation, 1892, p. 439 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1000 BCEAvesta — Gāthās, Yasna, Vendīdād, Yašts, Hādōxt Nasksame word
- dhyana — meditation"...cultivateZend-Avesta: The Work of Zoroaster, 1771, p. 418 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — meditationitation ? The Buddha told Subhuti: "Bodhisattvas see sentient beings with scattered minds and say: 'You should cultivateZend-Avesta: Work of Zoroaster, Vol. III, 1771, p. 422 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — meditative stateprarudita saw the Bodhisattva Mahasattva Dharmodgata, his heart was filled with joy, just like a monk entering the thirdThe Zend-Avesta: A New Translation, 1892, p. 439 · flagged as a term by the translator
Buddhist
- 400 BCESatipaṭṭhāna Sutta (DN 22 / MN 10)a translator’s rendering
- 400 BCEDīgha Nikāyaa translator’s rendering
- 300 BCEDhammapada (with aṭṭhakathā)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 250 BCEPaṭṭhānaa translator’s rendering
- jhana — meditative absorptionernal, the root of pada ~~~ the root of asava , seven; not a root, root condition, the vital faculty of matter ~~~ not aපට්ඨානපකරණ (Theravada Abhidhamma — Sri Lankan Palm-Leaf MS), Unknown, p. 15 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Jhāna — meditative absorptioncoming after . 12. Habitual recurrence. 13. Action original: kamma . 14. Result. 15. Support. 16. Control, faculty. 17.Tikapaṭṭhāna of the Abhidhamma Piṭaka, Vol. 1 (PTS Pali), 1921, p. 15 · flagged as a term by the translator
- jhana — meditative absorption-condition, by kamma intentional action condition, by result-condition, by nutriment-condition, by faculty-condition, byDukapatthana, 1906, p. 53 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 250 BCEJātaka (Pali birth-story collection)a translator’s rendering
- jhāna — meditative absorptionoking here and there and seeing no one, rose quickly, sat cross-legged, focused on his breathing, and attained the firstJatakatthavannana (Jataka with Commentary), Vol. 1, 1877, p. 75 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Jhana — state of deep concentrationexistence. To me. Since this. Since this. Like a mountain. The thought-process. The son. Also. The meditative absorptionVessantara Jataka (ဝေဿန္တရာဇာတ်, in Burmese), 1800, p. 37 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 250 BCEVibhaṅgaa translator’s rendering
- 50 BCEPrajñāpāramitā (Aṣṭasāhasrikā; Heart and Diamond Sūtras)same word and a translator’s rendering
- dhyāna — meditative absorptioninding cords visible in the central column. (Left Column) Therein also [one should know] the four meditative absorptionsAṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā (8,000-line Perfection of Wisdom), 900, p. 635 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — meditationof the gods, the way of the stopped, and the way of Brahma, the three types of residing. Following the order: the fourthHeart Sutra Commentary: Illuminating the Essence, 1500, p. 72 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyānas — meditative absorptionstands the sensations born of eye-contact up to the sensations born of mind-contact. In this way, he understands the fourŚatasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā (100,000-line Perfection of Wisdom), 1100, p. 181 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 150 CENāgārjuna, Suhṛllekha (Letter to a Friend)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 150 CENāgārjuna, Mūlamadhyamakakārikāsame word
- 150 CENāgārjuna, Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (with Prasannapadā)same word
- 350 CELaṅkāvatāra Sūtrasame word
- 380 CEVasubandhu, Abhidharmakośa with Bhāṣyasame word and a translator’s rendering
- bsam-gtan — meditationby conditions are shown to be without inherent nature because they are unborn by essence. **Third Section** The power ofNeyphug Thor bu mDzod 'grel brgya sbyin thogs nor bu'i 'od snang, 1700, p. 147 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — focused concentrationway, all qualities of the worldly path are generated. Worldly path qualities include the states of meditative absorptionThadrak Thor bu 018 mDzod 'grel sogs, 1700, p. 90 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyānaof the Treasury ->(Explanation of Meditative Attainments)<- | | | |:---|:---| | The two types of meditative absorptionsTreasury of the Abhidharma with Commentary (Abhidharmakosa with Bhashya), Unknown, p. 16 · original word kept by the translator
- 400 CEVasubandhu, Abhidharmakośa (chs. 6 & 8: path and attainments)same word
- 430 CEVisuddhimagga (Path of Purification)a translator’s rendering
- Jhāna — meditative absorptionls of absorption ( Appanā-kosalla skill in attainment ) ................. ๒๒๓ Explanation of the attainment of the FirstVisuddhimagga (วิสุทธิมรรค, Path of Purification) in Thai, 500, p. 41 · flagged as a term by the translator
- jhānahe *Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta* (DN 22, MN 10), either the two are developed contemporaneously, or insight is allowed to precedeVisuddhimagga (The Path of Purification), 2010, p. 51 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 430 CEBuddhaghosa, Visuddhimaggaa translator’s rendering
- Jhāna — meditative absorptionls of absorption ( Appanā-kosalla skill in attainment ) ................. ๒๒๓ Explanation of the attainment of the FirstVisuddhimagga (วิสุทธิมรรค, Path of Purification) in Thai, 500, p. 41 · flagged as a term by the translator
- jhānahe *Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta* (DN 22, MN 10), either the two are developed contemporaneously, or insight is allowed to precedeVisuddhimagga (The Path of Purification), 2010, p. 51 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 430 CEBuddhaghosa, Atthasālinīa translator’s rendering
- 450 CEDhammapadaṭṭhakathā (Buddhaghosa’s Commentary on the Dhammapada)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 450 CEAtthasālinī (Buddhaghosa’s Commentary on the Dhammasaṅgaṇī)a translator’s rendering
- 620 CECandrakīrti, Madhyamakāvatārasame word and a translator’s rendering
- dhyāna — meditation**First Section** This has been explained in this way for the purpose of cultivatingDbu ma la ‘jug pa’i mchan ‘grel, 1700, p. 49 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — meditative absorptionn for the three realms, the usage is generosity; that is the characteristic of the sign. Those who go beyond this are indbu ma ‘jug pa’i rtsa ba, 1700, p. 22 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyanaely being "transcended beyond analysis," for all states of mind and mental factors from the second meditative absorptionMadhyamaka Commentary (Entering the Middle Way), 1500, p. 160 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 705 CEŚūraṅgama Sūtrasame word
- dhyana — meditative concentrationof the ten directions to explain how to attain the wondrous shamatha calm-abiding , samapatti correct-observation , andShurangama Sutra with Essential Commentary, 1594, p. 15 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Dhyana — meditative absorptionfruits of the path. Shamatha tranquility is called "stopping." Samapatti meditative contemplation is called "observing."대불정수릉엄경 (Surangama Sutra, 1456 Korean woodblock), 1456, p. 40 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 705 CEŚūraṅgama Sūtra (大佛頂首楞嚴經)same word
- dhyana — meditative concentrationof the ten directions to explain how to attain the wondrous shamatha calm-abiding , samapatti correct-observation , andShurangama Sutra with Essential Commentary, 1594, p. 15 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Dhyana — meditative absorptionfruits of the path. Shamatha tranquility is called "stopping." Samapatti meditative contemplation is called "observing."대불정수릉엄경 (Surangama Sutra, 1456 Korean woodblock), 1456, p. 40 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 705 CEŚūraṅgama Sūtra on dream and delusionsame word
- dhyana — meditative concentrationof the ten directions to explain how to attain the wondrous shamatha calm-abiding , samapatti correct-observation , andShurangama Sutra with Essential Commentary, 1594, p. 15 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Dhyana — meditative absorptionfruits of the path. Shamatha tranquility is called "stopping." Samapatti meditative contemplation is called "observing."대불정수릉엄경 (Surangama Sutra, 1456 Korean woodblock), 1456, p. 40 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 800 CECakrasaṃvara sādhana (Ghaṇṭapāda five stages; Vajrayoginī / Vajravārāhī)same word and a translator’s rendering
- bsam gtan — meditation/dhyanasing of boundless benefit for others upon attaining true and complete Buddhahood, the meditation through the approach ofbde mchog sngon ‘gro rgyas pa, 1700, p. 145 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — meditative concentrationd. Om Vajravarahi Sarva Dushtam Marana Hum Phat . Speak this and perform the dissolution. Regarding the fourth branch ofrje btsun rdo rje rnal 'byor ma na ro mkha' spyod ma'i lam gyi rim pa'i spyi don gsang chen sgo brgya 'byed pa'i lde mig, 1700, p. 101 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Dhyana — meditationion of the four marks... through the perfect aspect of the high path... detached in the state of clear, empty bliss. TheThadrak Thor bu 022 Phag mo'i zab khrid, 1700, p. 133 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 900 CESaraha, Dohākoṣasame word and a translator’s rendering
- bsam gtan — dhyana or meditative concentrationThere are two classifications ofDo ha'i bshad lugs sogs, 1700, p. 175 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyanas — meditative concentrationsdoors of liberation. This is the nature of the eighteen unshared qualities of the Buddha. This is the nature of the fourDo ha mdzod brgyad, 1700, p. 13 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 900 CESaraha, Dohākośa (Royal Song)same word
- 1000Phyag chen rgya gzhung (Indian Mahāmudrā corpus: Tilopa, Nāropa, Maitrīpa)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1927Th. Stcherbatsky, The Conception of Buddhist Nirvāṇasame word
Chinese
- 705 CEŚūraṅgama Sūtrasame word
- dhyana — meditative concentrationof the ten directions to explain how to attain the wondrous shamatha calm-abiding , samapatti correct-observation , andShurangama Sutra with Essential Commentary, 1594, p. 15 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Dhyana — meditative absorptionfruits of the path. Shamatha tranquility is called "stopping." Samapatti meditative contemplation is called "observing."대불정수릉엄경 (Surangama Sutra, 1456 Korean woodblock), 1456, p. 40 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1799Huiming Jing (Scripture of Wisdom and Life)same word
Arabic
Tibetan
- 1100Tibetan dream yoga (Six Yogas of Nāropa; rmi lam) and the Bardo Thödol's dream bardosame word and a translator’s rendering
- bsam gtan — dhyana/meditative absorptiony with non-virtue. A person who is formed by the power of merit, such as the body, is the eye of meditating perfectly onBar do thos grol gser 'bris ma, 1700, p. 110 · flagged as a term by the translator
- bsam gtan — dhyanaThe lamp of meditative concentrationZab chos zhi khro dgongs pa rang grol lo rgyus sogs, 1700, p. 52 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyāna — deep meditationtion activity. Its natural, or discarnate, state is a state of quiescence, comparable to its condition in the highest ofThe Tibetan Book of the Dead (Bardo Thodol), 1927, p. 135 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1100Machig Labdrön, Gcodsame word and a translator’s rendering
- bsam gtan — dhyanah the dharma of conferring the high empowerment dbang initiation/empowerment , there is no obstacle. From the meditationdBang bskur gcod ki zhal gdams, 1700, p. 132 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — meditative absorption113 The second point is the cultivation of the realized meaning through the door ofdri ma med pa'i lugs kyi gcod zab don thugs kyi snying po, 1700, p. 37 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — meditative absorptionaccumulation of merit and the accumulation of wisdom which ripen the roots of virtue of sentient beings, and by means ofgcod kyi zab don thugs kyi snying po zhes bya ba kyad par can, 1700, p. 70 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1100Sharawa, Lamrim (Stages of the Path)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1100Kadam lamrim & Bka' gdams bu chos (Atiśa lineage)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1230Sakya Paṇḍita, Mkhas pa 'jug pa'i sgo (and Tshad ma rigs gter)same word
- 1250Sakya Paṇḍita, Mkhas 'jug (Gateway for the Learned)same word
- 1310Mkha' 'gro snying thig (Dākinī Heart-Essence instruction cycle)same word and a translator’s rendering
- dhyana — meditative absorptioneme enlightenment. Hum. This profound, essential instruction is taken from the center of the heart and placed within themKha' 'gro snying thig gi khrid yig zab lam gsal byed, 1700, p. 174 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Dhyanaering the main practice of the path consists of the two perfections: meditation and wisdom. The perfection of meditationThor bu Zab chos mkha' snying thig gi chos sde, 1700, p. 54 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1320Rangjung Dorje (Karmapa III), rNam shes ye shes 'byed pa and Zab mo nang donsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1350Karma Lingpa, Bar do thos grol (Zhi khro dgongs pa rang grol)same word and a translator’s rendering
- bsam gtan — dhyana/meditative absorptiony with non-virtue. A person who is formed by the power of merit, such as the body, is the eye of meditating perfectly onBar do thos grol gser 'bris ma, 1700, p. 110 · flagged as a term by the translator
- bsam gtan — meditative absorptionof text. In this way, for the sake of myself and others, I take refuge in the master. **Bottom Folio:** The sequence ofkarma gling pa'i gter byon br do'i thos grol dang/ chos spyod bag chags rang grol, 1700, p. 289 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyāna — deep meditationtion activity. Its natural, or discarnate, state is a state of quiescence, comparable to its condition in the highest ofThe Tibetan Book of the Dead (Bardo Thodol), 1927, p. 135 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1350Longchenpa, Ngal gso skor gsum, Man ngag mdzod & Snying thig ya bzhisame word and a translator’s rendering
- bsam gtan — meditative absorptionas no inherent nature, the delusions of the mind will be cleared away. **Third Strip** Those who are yogis of meditationKlong chen pa'i bstan bcos thor bu thob yig, 1700, p. 89 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — concentrative absorptionabide anywhere. To say that there is nowhere to go on the path is to enter into the Dharmadhatu . What is the meditationrDzog chen sems nyid ngal gso, 1700, p. 1 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — meditative concentrationSince practice is necessary at the moment of death, we should spend this human life in practice and abide on the path ofRdzogs pa chen po ngal gso skor gsum gyi dkar chag padma stong ldan, 1700, p. 176 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1350Longchenpa, Ngal gso skor gsum (Trilogy of Rest)same word and a translator’s rendering
- dhyana — concentrative absorptionabide anywhere. To say that there is nowhere to go on the path is to enter into the Dharmadhatu . What is the meditationrDzog chen sems nyid ngal gso, 1700, p. 1 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — meditative concentrationSince practice is necessary at the moment of death, we should spend this human life in practice and abide on the path ofRdzogs pa chen po ngal gso skor gsum gyi dkar chag padma stong ldan, 1700, p. 176 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1350Longchenpa, mDzod bdun (Seven Treasuries)same word and a translator’s rendering
- Dhyana — meditative stabilitynce Ksanti patience , the perfection of diligence Virya enthusiastic effort , the perfection of meditative concentrationGrub mtha' rin po che'i mdzod, 1700, p. 50 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Samten — meditative concentrationity and the unarisen nature of reality. # Folio 1 When all vikalpa discursive thoughts are pacified through the power ofChos dbyings mdzod dang gnas lugs mdzod, 1700, p. 61 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1400Dzogchen khrid yig (direct-introduction and guidance manuals; Sems sde, Kun byed rgyal po)same word and a translator’s rendering
- bsam gtan — dhyana/meditative stabilization**Strip 1** ༄༅། །From the Lamp of the Path of Essential Instructions: The stages of meditative absorptionDon khrid lam gyi sgron me, 1700, p. 52 · flagged as a term by the translator
- bsam gtan — dhyana/meditation**Fragment 1** The method of meditation for those endowed with meditative stabilityrDzogs chen yang tig nag po gser gyi bru gcig, 1700, p. 174 · flagged as a term by the translator
- bsam gtan — meditation/dhyanathe Instructions of the Gathered Intentions dGongs 'dus khrid kyi lde mig : There are two types of meditative sequencesdGongs 'dus khrid kyi lde mig, 1700, p. 210 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1402Tsongkhapa, Lam rim chen mo / chung ngu (śamatha–vipaśyanā chapters)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1488Life of Milarepa (rNam thar)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1488Milarepa, Mgur 'bum & Rnam tharsame word and a translator’s rendering
- 1500Tshe khrid rdo rje phreng ba (long-life visualisation cycle)same word and a translator’s rendering
- bsam gtan — meditationshould rely upon a dge ba'i bshes gnyen Spiritual Friend and train in the bslab pa gsum three trainings . The conduct ofNeyphug Thor bu Tshe khrid sogs, 1700, p. 37 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Dhyana — meditation and visualizationNa. Pa, Pha, Ba, Bha, Ma. Ya, Ra, La, Va. Sha, Sha, Sa, Ha. Lam, Ksha. This concludes the Matrka Nyasa . Now begins theTshe khrid rdo rje phreng ba'i skor, 1700, p. 63 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Dhyana — meditative absorptionThe pureNeyphug Thor bu Tshe khrid rdo phreng chos skor, 1700, p. 140 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1550Mahāmudrā manuals (Wangchuk Dorje, Pema Karpo, Tashi Namgyal, Khamtrul)same word and a translator’s rendering
- dhyana — meditative absorptionme of existence and the Buddha Awakened One , and that suffering can also arise. Look at the order of your teaching. TheIntroduction to the Preliminary Practice of Mahamudra (Innate Union), 1710, p. 181 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — meditative stabilizationThere are six aspects to training in the conduct: dana generosity , shila ethics , kshanti patience , virya diligence ,Phyag chen stong thun rin po che'i gter mdzod, 1700, p. 276 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — meditative absorptionne should rely upon the akayatana field of perception of the infinity of space. This is done after abandoning the fourthNges don phyag rgya chen po’i smon lam gyi ’grel ba bdud rtsi’i snying khu, 1700, p. 17 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1600Zhal gdams / man ngag — retreat and heart-advice manualsa translator’s rendering
- bsam gtan — meditative absorptionke of following and alleviating the poverty of sentient beings. Here, the system of the dkyil 'khor mandala of the firstri chos yon tan kun 'byung rin po che 'bar ba bzhugs pa'i nyams len, 1700, p. 26 · flagged as a term by the translator
- bsam gtanessed One. This sequence of meditative practice is supreme for all sentient beings by the power of meditative absorptionThor bu lCe sgom nyams len sogs, 1700, p. 186 · original word kept by the translator
- 1700Mahāmudrā instruction manuals (Bhutanese and Drukpa Kagyü)same word and a translator’s rendering
- dhyana — meditative absorptionme of existence and the Buddha Awakened One , and that suffering can also arise. Look at the order of your teaching. TheIntroduction to the Preliminary Practice of Mahamudra (Innate Union), 1710, p. 181 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — meditative stabilizationThere are six aspects to training in the conduct: dana generosity , shila ethics , kshanti patience , virya diligence ,Phyag chen stong thun rin po che'i gter mdzod, 1700, p. 276 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — meditative absorptionBy relying upon the path ofThadrak Thor bu 026 Phyag chen khrid yig sogs, 1700, p. 208 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1700Legs bshad (miscellaneous aphorism collections, Neyphug/Phurdrup)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1700Dzogchen instruction literature (Semde khrid yig, kun gzhi rang grol, thod rgal)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1700Sngon 'gro (preliminary practice) manualssame word and a translator’s rendering
- dhyana — meditative absorptionation depicts the four sections of text as distinct manuscript folios. **Folio 1** ༄༅། །The method for the meditation ofKun bzang dgongs 'dus sngon 'gro, 1700, p. 57 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — meditative absorption**Folio 1** It should be clarified: this path taught by the great beings, when viewed in terms ofYang zab khrid rgya'i sngon 'gro, 1700, p. 70 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1700Grub mtha' (Tibetan doxographies of the four tenet systems)same word and a translator’s rendering
- 1765Jigme Lingpa, Klong chen snying thig (with Patrul's Kun bzang bla ma'i zhal lung)same word and a translator’s rendering
- dhyana — meditative absorptiontra of the Perfection of Dhyana. Page One Then, the Bhagavan said: "Monks, whoever desires to train in the perfection ofklong chen snying thig thugs sgrub dpal chen 'dus pa dang khro rol gyi gtor zlog, 1700, p. 49 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyanas — meditative absorptionssnyoms 'jug dgu" is the third of the specific remaining topics. The nine successive meditative absorptions are the fourKlong chen snying gi thig le’i mkha’ ’gro bde chen rgyal mo’i sgrub gzhung gi ’grel ba rgyud don snang ba, 1700, p. 17 · flagged as a term by the translator
Southeast Asian
- 1365Kakawin Sutasomasame word
- 1868Siamese & Burmese Buddhist practice texts (19th c.)same word
Korean & Vietnamese
- 1377Jikji (Anthology of the Buddhas and Patriarchs' Direct Pointing to the Essence of Mind)same word
Renaissance & Early Modern Europe
- 1714Leibniz, Monadologie / Principes de la nature et de la grâcesame word
Theosophical & Modern Esoteric
- 1888Blavatsky, The Secret Doctrine (the seven principles, manas, states of consciousness)same word
- 1889Blavatsky, The Key to Theosophy (with The Voice of the Silence, Theosophical Glossary)same word and a translator’s rendering
- Dhyânae original: "Upâdhi" ⁴⁰ of the Flame. And this, O successful Practitioner original: "Yogî" , is what men call MeditationThe voice of the silence and other chosen fragments from the Book of the golden precepts, 1892, p. 35 · original word kept by the translator
- Jhanaa became Buddha , the full sequence of His previous births was seen by Him. . . . and anyone who attains to the state ofThe Key to Theosophy, 1889, p. 148 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1889The Voice of the Silencesame word
- 1889Blavatsky, The Voice of the Silencesame word
- 1912Tertium Organum (Ouspensky)same word
- 1912Ouspensky, Tertium Organumsame word
- 1927Guénon, perennialist workssame word
Japanese
- 1906Sermons of a Buddhist Abbot (Soyen Shaku)same word
- 1906Soyen Shaku — Sermons of a Buddhist Abbotsame word
- 1927D.T. Suzuki — Zen popularising workssame word and a translator’s rendering
- Dhyanae is above all contrasts, > Of being and not being." 2 This view of Suchness as no-ness abounds in the literature of theOutlines of Mahayana Buddhism, 1907, p. 119 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Dhyāna. When one is abiding where there are no images ( nirābhāsa ), how could the Triple Vehicle be established? All kinds ofStudies in the Lankavatara Sutra, 1930, p. 183 · flagged as a term by the translator
At home in Indian
- 700 BCEBṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad IV.3 (the states of waking, dream and sleep)same word
- 600 BCETaittirīya Upaniṣad (with Sureśvara's Vārttika)same word
- 500 BCEKaṭha Upaniṣadsame word
- 400 BCEUpaniṣads with technique (Śvetāśvatara, Maitrī, Kaṭha)same word
- dhyâna — concentration of all thoughts on one object, also known as ekâgratâconsideration?" "Yes, there is something better than consideration." "Sir, tell it me." ### SIXTH KHANDA. 1. "ReflectionThe Upanishads, Part 1, 1879, p. 228 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyânansideration?' 'Yes, there is something better than consideration.' 'Sir, tell it me.' ### SIXTH KHANDA. 1. 'Reflection (The Upanishads, Part 1 (SBE Vol. 1), 1879, p. 226 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyānaoul ātman exists. Yet even the soul is powerless over the causes of pleasure and pain. 3. Those who practiced meditationThe Thirteen Principal Upanishads, 1921, p. 416 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 300 BCEJain Āgamas: Ācārāṅga & Uttarādhyayana (austerities and sāmāyika)same word
- dhyana — meditationttaradhyayana ४३. In the first paurushi three-hour period of the night he should study; in the second he should practiceUttaradhyayana Sutra, 1975, p. 252 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyâna1. prâyaskitta (expiation of sins); 2. vinaya (politeness); 3. vaiyâvritya (serving the Guru); 4. svâdhyâya (study); 5.Jaina Sutras, Part 2 (SBE Vol. 45), 1879, p. 227 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 300 BCEPraśna Upaniṣadsame word
- 300 BCEĀcārāṅga Sūtra (Jaina Sūtras, SBE 22/45)same word
- 300 BCEUttarādhyayana Sūtrasame word
- 200 BCEBhagavad Gītāsame word
- dhyana — meditationajnata samadhi . It is said: "These three are more internal than the previous ones." धारणा dharana concentration , ध्यानSrimad Bhagavad Gita (Sanskrit, 1823 edition), 1823, p. 210 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Dhyána — meditationers ( vibhúti divine manifestations ) acquired by them. VI. Dháraṇa concentration , steady, immoveable abstraction. VII.The Bhagavad-Gita: A Discourse Between Krishna and Arjuna on Divine Matters (Sanskrit and English), 1855, p. 106 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyanatake on its load. This refers to attaining liberation from reincarnation (Samsara). Some few there be By **meditation**Bhagavad Gita (The Song Celestial), Unknown, p. 148 · original word kept by the translator
- 200 BCEBhagavad Gītā (ch. 6, dhyāna-yoga)same word
- dhyanatake on its load. This refers to attaining liberation from reincarnation (Samsara). Some few there be By **meditation**Bhagavad Gita (The Song Celestial), Unknown, p. 148 · original word kept by the translator
- Dhyanagardless of how they live This means even if they have violated religious or social rules. . Some, through concentrationThe Bhagavadgita, Sanatsugatiya, and Anugita (SBE Vol. 8), 1879, p. 121 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 100 BCEŚāntiparva rājadharma (Mahābhārata, Śānti & Anuśāsana Parvans)same word
- 200 CEYājñavalkya Smṛtisame word
- DHYÂNA — MEDITATION->THEYājñavalkya Smṛti with Mitākṣarā of Vijñāneśvara, 1918, p. 411 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyānaee the subtle Self. (64)** <- "Yoga" is the restraint of the fluctuations of the mind. Focus on the Self is "meditation"Yajnavalkya Smriti with the Mitakshara Commentary, 1936, p. 365 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 200 CESamantabhadra, Ratnakaraṇḍa Śrāvakācārasame word
- 200 CEManusmṛti (Mānava Dharmaśāstra)same word
- 350 CEPatañjali, Yoga Sūtra (with Vyāsa bhāṣya)same word
- dhyāna — meditationce on a single principle .... | 1 | 32 | 35 | | In that state of concentration , the one-pointedness of mental effort isYoga-Sūtra with Three Classical Commentaries (Sanskrit), 1904, p. 5 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyanaof knowing and the object to be known. > iii. 2 The continuous flow of a single idea toward that place is contemplationYoga-System of Patanjali (Woods - Harvard), 1914, p. 41 · original word kept by the translator
- Dhyânaforms the object of meditation,— such for instance as the lotus of the heart, the centre of the brain and so forth. (1)Yoga-Darsana: Sutras with the Commentary of Vyasa, 1907, p. 20 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 350 CEPatañjali, Yoga Sūtra with Vyāsa's bhāṣyasame word
- dhyāna — meditationce on a single principle .... | 1 | 32 | 35 | | In that state of concentration , the one-pointedness of mental effort isYoga-Sūtra with Three Classical Commentaries (Sanskrit), 1904, p. 5 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyanaof knowing and the object to be known. > iii. 2 The continuous flow of a single idea toward that place is contemplationYoga-System of Patanjali (Woods - Harvard), 1914, p. 41 · original word kept by the translator
- Dhyânaforms the object of meditation,— such for instance as the lotus of the heart, the centre of the brain and so forth. (1)Yoga-Darsana: Sutras with the Commentary of Vyasa, 1907, p. 20 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 500 CETirukkuṟaḷsame word
- dhyana — meditationerm> observance , asana posture , pranayama breath control , pratyahara withdrawal of senses , dharana concentration ,The Tirukkural (with Parimelazagar Commentary), 1840, p. 340 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyāna — meditationobservance , āsana posture , prāṇāyāma breath control , pratyāhāra sense withdrawal , dhāraṇā concentration ,The Kural of Tiruvalluvar, 1885, p. 183 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana — meditationerm> observance , asana posture , pranayama breath control , pratyahara withdrawal of senses , dharana concentration ,Thirukkural (Arumuga Navalar Edition with Parimelazagar Commentary), 1861, p. 116 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 700 CEBādarāyaṇa, Brahma-sūtra with Śaṅkara's bhāṣya (and Rāmānuja)same word
- dhyâna — meditationorks; so that vidyâ spiritual knowledge/meditation , which effects the highest purpose of man, i. e. devout meditation (Vedanta Sutras, Part 3: Commentary of Ramanuja, 1879, p. 708 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyanathe 'vashat' call" Aitareya Brahmana 3.8.1 . Or: "One should meditate on the twilight sandhya with the mind." MeditationCommentary on the Brahma Sutras, 1934, p. 115 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyanahis mind when about to say the 'vashat' call"; or "One should meditate on the twilight in the mind." Although meditationCommentary on the Brahma Sutras, 1910, p. 78 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 700 CETamil Śaiva & Vaiṣṇava saints (Tēvāram, Tiruvācakam, Āḻvārs)same word
- 800 CEMālinīvijayottara Tantrasame word
- 800 CEVijñānabhairavasame word
- 850 CEVasugupta, Śivasūtra (with Kṣemarāja's Vimarśinī)same word
- 850 CEVasugupta, Śiva Sūtra with Kṣemarāja's Vimarśinīsame word
- 850 CENetra Tantra (yoga chapters, with Kṣemarāja's Udyota)same word
- 925 CEUtpaladeva, Īśvarapratyabhijñā-kārikā with Abhinavagupta's Vimarśinīsame word
- 975 CENemicandra, Dravyasaṃgrahasame word
- 1000Abhinavagupta, Tantrāloka (with Tantrasāra)same word
- dhyana — meditationity between the worshiper and the object. In the same way, the contemplation of the state of complete fullness is calledThe Light of the Tantras, 1000, p. 2381 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyāna0 of the main text. Now, an objection might be raised: Generally, in almost all contexts, it is said that **meditation**Tantraloka, Vol. 1 with Jayaratha's Commentary, 1918, p. 146 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyanae universe into the self, which is full of that same nature, is worship ( puja ). Becoming one with that is meditation (The Essence of Tantra, 1918, p. 174 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1000Abhinavagupta, Tantrāloka (with Jayaratha) and Tantrasārasame word
- dhyana — meditationity between the worshiper and the object. In the same way, the contemplation of the state of complete fullness is calledThe Light of the Tantras, 1000, p. 2381 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyāna0 of the main text. Now, an objection might be raised: Generally, in almost all contexts, it is said that **meditation**Tantraloka, Vol. 1 with Jayaratha's Commentary, 1918, p. 146 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyanae universe into the self, which is full of that same nature, is worship ( puja ). Becoming one with that is meditation (The Essence of Tantra, 1918, p. 174 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1000Nemicandra, Dravyasaṃgraha (dhyāna verses)same word
- 1000Nārada Bhakti Sūtrasame word
- 1000Yoga Vāsiṣṭha / Mokṣopāyasame word
- Dhyana — meditationabsolute reality is not attained and one has not rested in the supreme state, the mind remains entangled in thought andYoga Vasistha, 1986, p. 297 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyanason. The later Upanishads have promulgated the worship of several forms of Vishnu and Siva, and the *Tantras* provide theThe Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki, Vol. 1 (Mitra translation), 1891, p. 50 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1000Yoga Vāsiṣṭha (the dream worlds of Līlā, Lavaṇa, the hundred Rudras)same word
- Dhyana — meditationabsolute reality is not attained and one has not rested in the supreme state, the mind remains entangled in thought andYoga Vasistha, 1986, p. 297 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyanason. The later Upanishads have promulgated the worship of several forms of Vishnu and Siva, and the *Tantras* provide theThe Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki, Vol. 1 (Mitra translation), 1891, p. 50 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1096Somaśambhupaddhati (Kriyākāṇḍakramāvalī)same word
- 1100Śāradātilaka & Prapañcasāra (mantra-sādhana manuals)same word
- 1100Yoginīhṛdayasame word
- 1200Kulārṇava Tantrasame word
- Dhyānaexperiments 261, The sex-differentiation of the Mantras 264, Difference of Mantras on the basis of the desired ends 265,Kularnava Tantra, Unknown, p. 9 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyana**. Otherwise, they will be fruitless. Pranayama the regulation of breath and life-force shall be joined to **japa** andKularnava Tantra - English Translation (Arthur Avalon), Unknown, p. 117 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1200Tantrarāja Tantrasame word
- 1200Yoga-vāsiṣṭhasame word
- Dhyana — meditationabsolute reality is not attained and one has not rested in the supreme state, the mind remains entangled in thought andYoga Vasistha, 1986, p. 297 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyanason. The later Upanishads have promulgated the worship of several forms of Vishnu and Siva, and the *Tantras* provide theThe Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki, Vol. 1 (Mitra translation), 1891, p. 50 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1200Gorakṣanātha, Siddhasiddhāntapaddhati & Gorakṣaśatakasame word
- 1350Mādhava, Sarva-darśana-saṃgrahasame word
- dhyānat in this state, focused on the object of contemplation and avoiding all distracting thoughts, is called "contemplation"The Sarva-Darsana-Samgraha: Review of the Different Systems of Hindu Philosophy, 1908, p. 289 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyánaought in this place, resting on the object to be contemplated, and avoiding all incongruous thoughts, is "contemplation"Review of the Different Systems of Hindu Philosophy, 1908, p. 280 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1400Sāṃkhya-sūtra with Aniruddha and Vijñānabhikṣusame word
- Dhyâna — meditation/contemplation| 302 | | *Wherein it is faulty* | ... | 303-304 | | *Fruit of Worship* | ... | 304 | | Sources of Knowledge: | | | | *The Samkhya Philosophy, 1915, p. 38 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyānaot be meditation itself. Here, by the word "meditation," the three components of yoga—concentration dhāraṇā , meditationCommentary on the Exposition of the Samkhya Philosophy, 1943, p. 106 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1450Svātmārāma, Haṭhapradīpikāsame word
- dhyānahrough the sequence of practice, increases and is then called withdrawal pratyāhāra , concentration dhāraṇā , meditationLight on the Yoga of Force with Commentaries, undated, p. 55 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyānaon dhāraṇā is declared as twelve withdrawals. Through the contact with the Lord, twelve concentrations become meditationHathayogapradipika (Sanskrit, 1867), 1867, p. 64 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1500Śiva Saṃhitāsame word
- dhyânais no doubt. 162.** original: "तस्य स्यात्सकला सिद्धिर्वत्सरान्नात्र संशयः" 162. Let him practise with energy daily thisThe Compendium of Shiva, Unknown, p. 85 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyanatens of millions of moons. By meditating on this continually, one obtains success. 162. Let him practice this meditationThe Siva Samhita, 1914, p. 42 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1577Pūrṇānanda, Ṣaṭcakranirūpaṇa (The Serpent Power)same word
- Dhyanana; the realization of the absolute , his formless aspect Nirguna; without qualities is revealed, and through meditationDescription of the Six Chakras, Unknown, p. 15 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Dhyanas that through knowledge original: "Jnana" , his formless original: "nirguna" nature is revealed, and through meditationDescription of the Six Chakras, undated, p. 19 · original word kept by the translator
- DhyānaThe technique of Prāṇāyāma . Pose for practicing Prāṇāyāma. Pratyahāra (withdrawal of senses), Dhāraṇā (concentration),The Mysterious Kundalini (1927), 1927, p. 11 · flagged as a term by the translator
- 1577Pūrṇānanda, Ṣaṭcakranirūpaṇasame word
- Dhyanana; the realization of the absolute , his formless aspect Nirguna; without qualities is revealed, and through meditationDescription of the Six Chakras, Unknown, p. 15 · flagged as a term by the translator
- Dhyanas that through knowledge original: "Jnana" , his formless original: "nirguna" nature is revealed, and through meditationDescription of the Six Chakras, undated, p. 19 · original word kept by the translator
- 1851N.C. Paul, A Treatise on the Yoga Philosophy (1851); T.C. Rajan Iyengar (1908)same word
- 1896Raja Yoga (Vivekananda)same word
- 1896Vivekananda, Rāja Yogasame word
- 1896Vivekananda, Raja Yogasame word
- 1922Surendranath Dasgupta, History of Indian Philosophy I; Yoga as Philosophy and Religionsame word and a translator’s rendering
- Dhyānalisten. At the age of over eighty years, the Buddha realized that the time for his death was near. He then entered intoA History of Indian Philosophy, Volume 1, 1922, p. 103 · flagged as a term by the translator
- dhyānastates and final release. An advanced individual may rest content with these internal actions— dhāraṇā (concentration),Yoga as Philosophy and Religion (Dasgupta, 1924), 1924, p. 143 · flagged as a term by the translator
Evidence gate. A work is listed only where a translator marked the word as a term with a gloss, or kept the original word beside the English, on at least one page of a held edition. Vocabulary lists and keywords alone do not count: in a Greek vocabulary list ἡσυχία is the ordinary word for quiet. Up to 3 pages are shown per work, preferring those with a gloss. The vocabulary was built 2026-09-11; the graph on 2026-09-13.